Initially, a period of strong economic growth and social development ensued. Kholwa Female | Kholwa is a name used in both the Zulu and Ndebele cultures and means "believe". Ade. Philip's intention was for the Griquas to protect the missionary station there against banditti in the region, and as a bulwark against the northward movement of white settlers from the Cape Colony. The settlers, incorrectly, believed that the Cape Colony administration had taken the money due to them as payment for freeing their slaves. After the March 1960 massacre of 69 peaceful demonstrators at Sharpeville, and the subsequent declaration of a state of emergency, and the banning of anti-apartheid parties including the African National Congress (ANC), the Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC), and the Communist Party of South Africa, the focus of national resistance turned to armed struggle and underground activity. Smith's expansion of the Cape Colony resulted in conflict with disaffected Boers in the Orange River Sovereignty who in 1848 mounted an abortive rebellion at Boomplaats, where the Boers were defeated by a detachment of the Cape Mounted Rifles. Smith: A common name of English origin, Smith means someone who works with metal. [22] Bantu-speaking communities reached southern Africa from the Congo basin as early as the 4th century BC. [41] Another theory attributes the epicentre of Zulu violence to the slave trade out of Delgoa Bay in Mozambique situated to the north of Zululand. It is likely that around 50% of white men of military age served during the war, more than 146,000 whites. [168], The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) would later establish that a covert, informal network of former or still serving army and police operatives, frequently acting in conjunction with extreme right-wing elements, was involved in actions that could be construed as fomenting violence and which resulted in gross human rights violations, including random and targeted killings. The first 1,000 indentured Chinese labourers arrived in June 1904. They saw this as the best way to come to terms with the fact of a white Afrikaner majority, as well as to promote their larger strategic interests in the area. On 12 March 1868, the British parliament declared the Basotho Kingdom a British protectorate and part of the British Empire. ): Fourie, J.; Boshoff, W. (2008). [27], The VOC had settled at the Cape in order to supply their trading ships. The attack failed, with British forces then retreating back to Durban, which the Boers besieged. During the years immediately following the AngloBoer wars, Britain set about unifying the four colonies including the former Boer republics into a single self-governed country called the Union of South Africa. These are collectively known as the Khoisan, a modern European portmanteau of these two tribes' names. Both sides adopted scorched-earth tactics, with large swathes of pasturage and cropland being destroyed. [204] The uprising had been precipitated by Government legislation forcing African students to accept Afrikaans as the official medium for tuition,[205] with support from the wider Black Consciousness Movement. The role of the Boer settlers was replaced by subsidised British immigrants of whom 5,000 arrived between 1849 and 1851. [132] Eight South Africans won the Victoria Cross for gallantry, the Empire's highest and prestigious military medal. Afrikaans, previously regarded as a low-level Dutch patois, replaced Dutch as an official language of the Union. "[69] They were joined on their long journey by a number of San and Khoikhoi aboriginals, local African tribesmen, and also some white renegades. 'Explaining the Ship Traffic Fluctuations in the Early Cape Settlement: 16521793', South African Journal of Economic History, 23 (2008), pp. Around 1800, they started crossing the northern frontier formed by the Orange River, arriving ultimately in an uninhabited area, which they named Griqualand. After the country's first multiracial democratic elections in 1994, a number of terrorist bomb blasts were linked to the AWB. Between 19601994, according to statistics from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, the Inkatha Freedom Party was responsible for 4,500 deaths, South African Police 2,700, and the ANC about 1,300. At the start of the war, Bank of England officials in London worked with South Africa to block gold shipments to Germany, and force mine owners to sell only to the British Treasury, at prices set by the Treasury. [160] Aamina Aamina is a Somali name, meaning "feel safe." This spelling is an alternative transcription of the Arabic name Amenah. A key act of legislation during this time was the Homeland Citizens Act of 1970. Large corporations were allowed to shift their main listings abroad. The four expeditions Gordon undertook between 1777 and 1786 are recorded in a series of several hundred drawings known collectively as the Gordon Atlas, as well as in his journals, which were only discovered in 1964. Religion was a very important aspect of the settlers culture and the bible and church services were in Dutch. The convention came into force on 18 July 1976. [235] Other corruption related scandals to emerge during this period included the collapse of VBS Mutual Bank[236] and Bosasa. [32] In 1805, the British inherited the Cape as a prize during the Napoleonic Wars,[24] again seizing the Cape from the French controlled Kingdom of Holland which had replaced the Batavian Republic.[33]. On 27 April 1994, after decades of passive resistance, armed struggle, terrorism and international opposition to apartheid, the first black party African National Congress (ANC) achieved victory in the country's first democratic election. George McCall Theal, "Discovery of diamonds and its consequences", in. [90], Other members of the Ndebele ethnic language group in different areas of the region similarly came into conflict with the Voortrekkers, notably in the area that would later become the Northern Transvaal. [184] A controversial bombing and airborne assault conducted by 200 South African paratroopers on 4 May 1978 at Cassinga in southern Angola, resulted in around 700 South West Africans being killed, including PLAN militants and a large number of women and children. Kaiser Wilhelm's government arranged for the two Boer Republics to purchase modern breech-loading Mauser rifles and millions of smokeless gunpowder cartridges. Lerato (Southern African origin), meaning "love" in Sotho, pronounced LE-raa-too. Most Common South African Surnames & Meanings Most Common Last Names In South Africa Forebears knows about 821,426 unique surnames in South Africa and there are 66 people per name. Meanwhile, the discovery of diamonds around Kimberley and gold in the Transvaal led to a later return to instability, particularly because they fueled the rise to power of the ambitious colonialist Cecil Rhodes. Find your family's origin in the United States, average life expectancy, most common occupation, and more. Most of the bodies were dumped in unmarked graves. Archaeological discoveries of livestock bones on the Cape Peninsula indicate that the Khoikhoi began to settle there by about 2000 years ago. Finding and extracting the deposits far below the ground called for the capital and engineering skills that would soon result in the deep-level mines of the Witwatersrand producing a quarter of the world's gold, with the "instant city" of Johannesburg arising astride the main Witwatersrand gold reef. Hint: Try searching for a relative alive in 1940. Amani (Ethiopian origin) means "faith". Kruger reacted by forming an alliance with the neighbouring Boer republic of Orange Free State. The name is derived from the dutch word Prins (meaning prince), and a loo suffix meaning clearing in the forest. Manpower, from all races, helped Allied operations not just on the Western Front and Africa, but also in the Middle East against the Ottoman Empire. [206], A non-racial United Democratic Front (UDF) coalition of about 400 civic, church, student, trade union and other organisations emerged in 1983. Abeba Passenger lists are your ticket to knowing when your ancestors arrived in the USA, and how they made the journey - from the ship name to ports of arrival and departure. The reinforcements arrived in Durban 20 days later; the siege was broken and the Voortrekkers retreated. 2022 Sandbox Networks Inc. All rights reserved. Discover the meaning of the South African name on Ancestry. [133] The Mendi disaster was one of South Africa's worst tragedies of the Great War, second perhaps only to the Battle of Delville Wood. His impis (warrior regiments) were rigorously disciplined: failure in battle meant death.[46]. The Battle of Delville Wood and the sinking of the SS Mendi being the greatest single incidents of loss of life. Your partner in parenting from baby name inspiration to college planning. Cecil Rhodes and Charles Rudd followed, with their Gold Fields of South Africa company. [212] Tau was the name of the last ruler of the Rolong in South Africa (18th century). It is among the most common African last names. [230][231][232] Notable corruption related scandals during this period included incidents of widespread state capture[233] often involving allegations against the Gupta family. This has been interpreted as the earliest example ever discovered of abstract art or symbolic art created by Homo sapiens. [217], The immediate post-apartheid period was marked by an exodus of skilled, white South Africans amid crime related safety concerns. You can find birthdates, death dates, addresses and more. Abioye (Yoruba origin) meaning "son of royalty". Today middle names are common among people with a Catholic, Protestant, Islamic or South Asian background. British sovereignty of the area was recognised at the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the Dutch accepting a payment of 6 million pounds for the colony. After an unsuccessful appeal for aid from the British Empire, Moshoeshoe signed the 1866 treaty of Thaba Bosiu, with the Basotho ceding substantial territory to the Orange Free State. When he did not pay the fine in full, a battle broke out on the Berea Plateau in 1852, where the British suffered heavy losses. Great Britain. [121] The same legislation applied also to South West Africa over which South Africa had continued after World War I to exercise a disputed League of Nations mandate. Cattle rustling ensued and a party of Boers under the leadership of Piet Retief were killed. John Murray. Yet resistance by Boer bittereinders (meaning those who would fight to the bitter end) continued for two more years with guerrilla warfare, which the British met in turn with scorched earth tactics. As societies became more complex or were colonised by more complex societies these distinguishing names became fixed and were passed on to the next generation. In 1854, the British handed over the territory to the Boers through the signing of the Sand River Convention. -- 262 p. CS3080.S6 R6 Bibliography: p. 261-262. [128], In 1924 the Afrikaner-dominated National Party came to power in a coalition government with the Labour Party. [126], General Louis Botha headed the first government of the new Union, with General Jan Smuts as his deputy. Frere, on his own initiative, without the approval of the British government and with the intent of instigating a war with the Zulu, had presented an ultimatum on 11 December 1878, to the Zulu king Cetshwayo with which the Zulu king could not comply. [222] The debt was finally settled in September 2001. President Kruger suspected the insurgency had received at least the tacit approval of the Cape Colony government under the premiership of Cecil John Rhodes, and that Kruger's South African Republic faced imminent danger. [189], Both South Africa and Cuba claimed victory at the decisive battle of Cuito Cuanavale, which have been described as "the fiercest in Africa since World War II". [53] The republic, under the premiership of Paul Kruger, defeated British forces in the First Boer War and remained independent until the end of the Second Boer War on 31 May 1902, when it was forced to surrender to the British. [244], Civil unrest occurred in South Africa's KwaZulu-Natal and Gauteng provinces in July 2021, sparked by the imprisonment of former President Jacob Zuma for contempt of court, after he declined to testify at the Zondo Commission, an inquiry into allegations of corruption during his term as president from 2009 to 2018. In response, the stadtholder, who had taken up residence in England, issued the Kew Letters, ordering colonial governors to surrender to the British. Two German African colonies were occupied, either by South Africa alone or with significant South African assistance. Portrayals of indenture in recent South African writing", "Indianness Reconfigured, 1944-1960: The Natal Indian Congress in South Africa - The O'Malley Archives", "Surgeon-General SIR CHARLES MacDONAGH CUFFE, K.C.B., LL.D", "Eastern Cape Wars of Dispossession 1779-1878 | South African History Online", "Jacob Zuma a spawn of collaborators trying to right old wrongs", "Southern Africa - European and African interaction in the 19th century | Britannica", "Black involvement in the AngloBoer War, 18991902", "Partner in the Struggle against Apartheid", "Volume Five Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report", "Institute of Security Studies, Monograph No.81", Political pardons would damage the legacy of South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission, http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/21/ares21.htm. In the event of a vacancy the Deputy President serves as Acting President. By the time it was finally quelled, hundreds of protesters had been shot dead with many more wounded or arrested by police. The government declared martial law on 14 October 1914, and forces loyal to the government under the command of generals Louis Botha and Jan Smuts defeated the rebellion. [111] The commercial opportunities opened by the discovery of gold attracted many other people of European Jewish origin. The president is elected by the National Assembly and serves a term that expires at the next general election. No gold was ever discovered in the annexed territory. The survivors were captured and allegedly enslaved. [154], The segregationist policies of apartheid stemmed from colonial legislation introduced during the period of Dutch rule in the 17th century, which was continued and expanded upon during the British colonial era, and reached its apogee during the Boer-dominated Union of South Africa. Less than a handful of prosecutions were ever pursued. However, an ill-informed British attempt to force the states of southern Africa into a British federation led to inter-ethnic tensions and the First Boer War. Abara - Origin: West African (Igbo). Get in touch! Hetherington, Penelope. These groups were displaced or sometimes absorbed by migrating Africans (Bantus) during the Bantu expansion from Western and Central Africa. FamilyEducation does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. [163], In the mid-1980s, police and army death squads conducted state-sponsored assassinations of dissidents and activists. 3,481 st most common surname in the world and it is an alternative spelling of Naidu. In further research at the Blombos cave in 2002, stones were discovered engraved with grid or cross-hatch patterns, dated to some 70,000 years ago. They moved about 500 miles eastward, over the Quathlamba (today known as the Drakensberg mountain range), settling ultimately in an area officially designated as "Nomansland", which the Griquas renamed Griqualand East. As European settlers started establishing permanent farms after trekking across the country in search of prime agricultural land, they encountered resistance from the local Bantu people who had originally migrated southwards from central Africa hundreds of years earlier. The Cape Colony was unusual in southern Africa in that its laws prohibited any discrimination on the basis of race and, unlike the Boer republics, elections were held according to the non-racial Cape Qualified Franchise system, whereby suffrage qualifications applied universally, regardless of race. It marked the beginning of nine years of British intervention in the affairs of the region, which the British named Transorange. [30] Simon van der Stel, the first Governor of the Dutch settlement, famous for his development of the lucrative South African wine industry, was himself of mixed race-origin. 21,000 of them were deployed to France as stevedores at French ports, where they were housed in segregated compounds. [88] War broke out again in 1865. [169] Crocodile Bakoena Bahurutshe Setswana Botswana, South Africa . The rebel leaders were prosecuted, fined heavily and sentenced to imprisonment ranging from six to seven years. [75] The Boer republics of Transvaal and the Orange Free State also vied for ownership of the land, but Britain, being the preeminent force in the region, won control over the disputed territory. A given name may consist of only one name (the first name) or multiple names, in which case subsequent names are referred to as middle names. [92], During the final campaign, Sekukuni (also spelled Sekhukhune) and members of his entourage took refuge in a mountain cave where he was cut off from food and water. Prinsloo is an Afrikaans surname. The country became a fully sovereign nation state within the British Empire, in 1934 following enactment of the Status of the Union Act. The more radical Boers split away under the leadership of General Barry Hertzog, forming the National Party (NP) in 1914. [192][193], South Africa in the 1980s also provided logistical and other covert support to Resistncia Nacional Moambicana (RENAMO) rebels, in neighbouring Mozambique fighting the FRELIMO-run government during the Mozambique Civil War, and it launched cross-border raids into Lesotho, Swaziland and Botswana, killing or capturing a number of South African exiles. The National Party championed Afrikaner interests, advocating separate development for the two white groups, and independence from Britain. [26] Many Portuguese words are still found along the coast of South Africa including Saldanha, Algoa, Natal, Agulhas, Benguela and Lucia. The kingdom controlled trade through the east African ports to Arabia, India and China, and throughout southern Africa, making it wealthy through the exchange of gold and ivory for imports such as Chinese porcelain and Persian glass beads.[25]. Page 1 2. 'The quantitative Cape: A review of the new historiography of the Dutch Cape Colony', South African Historical Journal 66.1, 2014, pp. An attack on a Christian church in Cape Town in 1993, left eleven people dead and 58 injured. Abbas - Origin: An Arabic name found throughout Algeria. Ross, Robert, Anne Kelk Mager and Bill Nasson, eds. Ababio - Origin: Ghanaian. Most of the deaths occurred between 1992 and 1993, after South African and Cuban involvement had ended. Sorry, we couldn't find geographic distribution information for South African. Pages in category "Afrikaans-language surnames" The following 148 pages are in this category, out of 148 total. More than a decade later 36,000 Cuban troops were deployed throughout the country helping providing support for MPLA's fight with UNITA. South Africa's top-secret Special Signals Service played a significant role in the early development and deployment of radio detection and ranging (radar) technology used in protecting the vital coastal shipping route around southern Africa. Ransford, Oliver. Genocide: A History. In March 1858, after land disputes, cattle rustling and a series of raids and counter-raids, the Orange Free State declared war on the Basotho kingdom, which it failed to defeat. It means "leaves" (verb) in Swahili. It was brought to South Africa in 1661 by Dutch people employed by the Dutch East India Company.. [240][241], The post-apartheid period has been marked by numerous outbreaks of xenophobic attacks against foreign migrants and asylum seekers from various conflict zones in Africa. [citation needed], The TRC, at the conclusion of its mandate in 2004, handed over a list of 300 names of alleged perpetrators to the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) for investigation and prosecution by the NPA's Priority Crimes Litigation Unit. Click. [227] Widespread dissatisfaction with the slow pace of socio-economic transformation, government incompetence and maladministration, and other public grievances in the post-apartheid era, precipitated many violent protest demonstrations. "[185] The Angolan government described the target of the attack as a refugee camp. Your use of the site indicates your agreement to be bound by our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. The South African Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging or AWB (meaning Afrikaner Resistance Movement), a militant neo-Nazi, mainly Afrikaner white supremacist movement that arose in the 1970s, and was active until the mid-1990s, openly used a flag that closely resembled the swastika. During the administration of President Jacob Zuma corruption in South Africa had also become a growing problem. It comes from the word Latin "praetor" and it's very common in South Africa. Leaders of the Communist Party of South Africa were mostly white. The diggings were located in an area of vague boundaries and disputed land ownership. Tau m Southern African, Tswana, Sotho. Following in Dart's footsteps Robert Broom discovered a new much more robust hominid in 1938 Paranthropus robustus at Kromdraai, and in 1947 uncovered several more examples of Australopithecus africanus at Sterkfontein. Rubinstein, W. D. (2004). [62], By the end of 1847, following annexation by Britain of the former Boer republic of Natalia, nearly all the Boers had left their former republic, which the British renamed Natal. Retief Afrikaans Afrikaans form of Rtif. In late October, Boer commandos supported by local Kgatla tribal collaborators laid siege to the caves. Its underground cells conducted armed robberies to raise funds and obtain weapons and vehicles. It caused the consolidation of groups such as the Matebele, the Mfengu and the Makololo. Sekhukhune, members of his family and some Bapedi generals were subsequently imprisoned in Pretoria for two years, with Sekhukhuneland becoming part of the Transvaal Republic. In mid-1903 there remained barely half of the 90,000 black labourers who had been employed in the industry in mid-1899. There are 642 immigration records available for the last name South African. [87] Faced with starvation, Moshoeshoe signed a peace treaty on 15 October 1858, though crucial boundary issues remained unresolved. The ANC-led government, in a historic reversal of policy, adopted neoliberalism instead. It was inhabited by Australopithecines since at least 2.5 million years ago. [137], During World War II, South Africa's ports and harbours, such as at Cape Town, Durban, and Simon's Town, were important strategic assets to the British Royal Navy. The first modern humans are believed to have inhabited South Africa more than 100,000 years ago. On the night of 23/24 May 1842 British colonial forces attacked the Voortrekker camp at Congella. [23] The advancing Bantu encroached on the Khoikhoi territory, forcing the original inhabitants of the region to move to more arid areas. Eventually, in the 1830s, large numbers of Boers migrated in what came to be known as the Great Trek. Just as he had done in 1919, Smuts urged the delegates to create a powerful international body to preserve peace; he was determined that, unlike the League of Nations, the UN would have teeth. After the suppression of the abortive, pro-German Maritz Rebellion during the South African World War I campaign against German South West Africa in 1914, the South African rebel General Manie Maritz escaped to Spain. [74], Although no formally surveyed boundaries existed, Griqua leader Nicolaas Waterboer claimed the diamond fields were situated on land belonging to the Griquas. [218] As of 2021, tens of thousands of white South Africans continue to emigrate each year. Boujettif Northern African (Archaic) Meaning, "The family of the son of the Clever Head" or "One Whom Possess a Clever Head." Bou (normally used in the North African Regions of the Maghrib Countries) has 2 possible derivative meanings both originating from the Arabic language, "Son of." or an Arabic word Tho meaning, "One Who Possess A Quality."Jettif is a variance of Jettef, Jeif or Ji'f . United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (Unesco). [210] Both sides were forced to the negotiating table, with the result that in June 1991, all apartheid laws were finally rescinded- opening the way for the country's first multiracial democratic elections three years later. After considerable debate, and following submissions from advocacy groups, individuals and ordinary citizens, the Parliament enacted a new Constitution and Bill of Rights in 1996. [187][188] The Angolan army, in resisting what it perceived as a South African invasion, was supported by a combination of Cuban forces and PLAN and ANC guerrillas, all armed with weapons supplied by the Soviet Union. 1. According to Solomon Johannes Terreblanche, a South African academic economist, the government's concessions to big business represented "treacherous decisions that [will] haunt South Africa for generations to come". The first KhoikhoiDutch War broke out in 1659, the second in 1673, and the third 16741677. Means "lion" in Tswana and Sotho. Special African Surnames, their Origin and What they Mean 1. Remains of hanged prisoners to be exhumed. 3. [105][106], Although many tales abound, there is no conclusive evidence as to who first discovered gold or the manner in which it was originally discovered in the late 19th century on the Witwatersrand (meaning White Waters Ridge) of the Transvaal. Van Riebeeck considered it impolitic to enslave the local Khoi and San aboriginals, so the VOC began to import large numbers of slaves, primarily from the Dutch colonies in Indonesia. [164] By mid-1987 the Human Rights Commission knew of at least 140 political assassinations in the country, while about 200 people died at the hands of South African agents in neighbouring states. Van der Merwe is a common Afrikaans surname, derived from the Dutch van der Merwen ("from the Merwede"). Like the Dutch before them, the British initially had little interest in the Cape Colony, other than as a strategically located port. [52], The South African Republic (Dutch: Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek or ZAR, not to be confused with the much later Republic of South Africa), is often referred to as The Transvaal and sometimes as the Republic of Transvaal. Black people were recruited or conscripted by both sides into working for them either as combatants or non-combatants to sustain the respective war efforts of both the Boers and the British. Abara (Igbo origin) meaning "spirit". Civilians were killed or injured in many of these robberies. 3. [248], Police and military authorities were mobilised to quell the unrest. Variant spellings include Prinzloo and Prinslo. [80], The increasing economic involvement of the British in southern Africa from the 1820s, and especially following the discovery of first diamonds at Kimberley and gold in the Transvaal, resulted in pressure for land and African labour, and led to increasingly tense relations with Southern African states.[40]. Teboho m Southern African, Sotho. In 1845, a treaty was signed between the British colonists and Moshoeshoe, which recognised white settlement in the area. [36] This had the effect of forcing more of the Dutch colonists to move (or trek) away from British administrative reach. "Frontier Settlement in Early Dutch South Africa,". APLA denied the attacks were racist in character, claiming that the attacks were directed against the apartheid government as all whites, according to the PAC, were complicit in the policy of apartheid. Ndlovu: Means elephant. 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